In Alexandria, Louisiana, on this date in 2008, Donald Washington, U.S. attorney for the Western District of Louisiana, announced the arrest and
indictment of Jeremiah Munsen, 18, a white man from Colfax, Louisiana, for his having allegedly driven past a group of black civil rights activists who had marched in protest over the arrests of the so-called
Jena 6 with two nooses dangling from the back of his pickup on September 20, 2007, as the civil rights activists waited for a bus to drive them back home to Tennessee. The protest march drew national attention and 20,000 protesters to support six black students charged with beating a white student, Justin Barker, at
Jena High School in Jena, Louisiana. The beating came months after three other white students were suspended, but not criminally charged, for hanging nooses in a tree at the school. Speaking about the Munsen arrest,
Vanderbilt University political science and law professor Carol Swain said in a op-ed piece on January 27, 2008, titled
“Al Sharpton Scores a Touchdown: The Indictment of Jeremiah Munsen and the Politics of Hate”: "Hate crime laws are designed to protect individuals from violence caused by intolerance of the person's race, religion or ethnicity." Wrong, law professor Swain. Hate crime laws are designed to protect everyone in society from the fear and the violence that is caused by hate-based violence or the threat of it, and to punish those who commit such crimes. Many hate crime laws also include age, sexual orientation, gender, and disability as protected categories, and a few include homelessness status.
Munsen pleaded guilty. On August 15, 2008, Munsen was sentenced to four months in a federal prison.
In Boston, Massachusetts on this date in 2008, FBI agent Robert Sell, of Detroit, was arraigned in Boston Municipal Court on one count assault and battery, and the Boston Police also filed felony civil rights violations against Sell for allegedly telling his cab driver to go back to the country where he was from following a verbal altercation between the two outside Boston's Westin Hotel in Copley Square, that is said to have turned physical. The cab driver was also charged with assault and battery.
On this date in 2008 in Rochester, Minnesota, two white brothers, Nathan Sean Espenson, 21, of Dodge Center, Minnesota and previously of West Concord, Minnesota, and Brent Espsenson attacked a black man because of his race. Both brothers were charged with second-degree assault with a dangerous weapon and fourth-degree assault, motivated by bias. Brent was unable to post bail; Nathan posted $100,000 conditional bail. However, on February 27, 2008, he was brought back into custody after apparently violating one condition of his bail: having no contact with the victim. Nathan is said to have gone to the victim’s apartment on February 27, 2008, and the judge subsequently increased Nathan's conditional bail by $50,000. Brent Espenson pleaded guilty to second-degree assault with a knife and gross misdemeanor fourth-degree assault motivated by bias (a hate crime) in June, 2008, and he was sentenced to four years in prison. In October, 2008, Nathan Espenson, 22, pleaded guilty to first-degree burlgary of an occupied dwelling and gross misdemeanor fourth-degree assault motivated by bias. On November 13, 2008, he was given a six-month jail term and 20 years probation for his crimes. A year before the hate crime attack, on January 4, 2007, Nathan Espenson—who at the age of 20 already had criminal convictions—jumped out of a car immediately before it was involved in a high-speed chase, that according to Rochester police, involved methamphetemine being thrown out the window of the car during the chase.
In Richmond, California in the early morning hours on this date in 2009, a black man, Brandon Manning, 24, of Pinole, was attacked allegedly by seven young white men who yelled racial slurs at him in a park in the 3500 block of Morningside Drive. The group picked up Mr. Manning, a UPS worker, at a gas station and promised him a ride home. Instead, they allegedly drove him to La Moine Valley View Park where they allegedly beat and kicked him in what police called a hate crime (the attackers allegedly called Mr. Manning a "coon" and asked during the brutal attack that left him with six broken bones, facial numbing, headaches and blurred vision, "How do you like this, you fucking nigger?"). Mr. Manning crawled to several nearby houses seeking help after his assailants fled. All seven suspects were arrested on January 31, 2009, when Richmond police served six search warrants in Pinole, Rodeo, El Sobrante and Richmond, California, and all were arrested on suspicion of assault with a deadly weapon causing great bodily injury. One of those arrested has confessed. On February 3, 2009, Steven Kinney, 18, of San Pablo, California, Andrew Word, 19, of Pinole, Victor Faria, 18, of El Sobrante, and Richard Lange, 20, of Pinole, were each charged with assault with a deadly weapon, felony battery, and a hate crime enhancement.
On this date in 2011 in Denver, Colorado, the Colorado Coalition for the Homeless released this report that shows 22 lethal attacks on homeless people in Colorado from 1999 through 2009. The report also states: "From 1999 through 2009, in 47 states, Puerto Rico and Washington D.C., there have been 1,074 acts of violence committed by housed individuals, resulting in 291 deaths of homeless people and 783 victims of non-lethal violence."
In Dearborn, Michigan on this date in 2011, Roger D. Stockham, 63, a Muslim convert from Imperial Beach, California with a history of mental illness, was arrested for being in possession of explosive materials while in the parking lot of the Islamic Center of America in what was said to be an attempted bias-motivated attack on the mosque. Stockham stands accused of verbalizing a threat to do harm to the Dearborn mosque while drinking in a Detroit bar January 24, 2011. The J.S. Fields Pub & Grille employee apparently followed Stockham, who is white, into the bar's parking lot, wrote down his license plate number, and then called the police. Following his arrest, Roger Stockham—who was arraigned on January 26, 2011 on one count of making a false report or threat of terrorism and one count of possessing explosives with an unlawful intent (class C fireworks)—was held on $500,000 bond. If convicted of the threat of terrorism charge, he faces up to 20 years in prison. If convicted of the class C fireworks possession charge, Roger Stockham faces up to 15 years in prison. Stockham has a previous criminal history. He was sent to federal prison for saying he was going to kill President George W. Bush and making bomb threats at a Vermont Veterans Hospital. He was released from federal prison on September 20, 2005.
On this date in 2012 in the 1700 Block of Road B in Redwood Valley, California (Mendocino County), a biracial reggae musician who identified as a black man, Jamal Andrews, 30, of Redwood Valley, was fatally shot in the head outside his home allegedly by a white neighbor with a prior criminal history, Billy M. Norbury, 33 (Date of Birth: February 16, 1978), and local law enforcement have not ruled out that the homicide was a hate crime. The Mendocino County Sheriff's Department said that a motive for the killing has not been determined; they have also said the killing was likely not drug-related. It was also not robbery-related. Norbury's estranged wife said in court affidavits in 2011 (and also after the slaying) that he is an irrational, paranoid, alcohol-dependent, and extremely unstable mentally ill man, while others have said that he voiced racist remarks to Mr. Andrews prior to the slaying. Billy Norbury, who was arrested on suspicion of murder, was previously arrested on January 14, 2012, for public intoxication. At that time he was on probation. Norbury, who has also been described as having drug problems and who had no prior relationship with his victim, apparently went to Mr. Andrews' home twice, uninvited, for reasons that are unknown.